CLT is a busy connecting hub with a relatively straightforward terminal. Short layovers are better spent inside; longer ones can support a single rideshare trip into Charlotte.
What to do with bags
Do not assume public storage. If your carry-on is with you, choose a place that can tolerate a bag, or stay airside and save the stress.
Leaving the airport
Uptown and South End can work with a comfortable buffer. Avoid multi-stop sightseeing, especially around commute times or event traffic.
Getting back through security
CLT can be compact but crowded. Re-enter with boarding pass and ID, then leave enough time for the walk back to your concourse.